The medieval period, or Middle Ages, spans roughly from the 5th to the 15th century (c. 476–1500 CE) in European history, positioned between the collapse of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance. It was an era defined by feudalism, a deeply religious society, and rural, agricultural life which saw the rise of castles, knights, and major shifts in political power.
The Byzantine style is characterized by the fusion of antique and Eastern elements evident in the extensive use of embossed work and filigree. These pendants served as personal amulets of protection, faith and were high-status symbols for early Christians.
The art of bronze casting was revived in the 800s by King Charlemagne, who commissioned monumental bronze portals for his residence in Aachen, Germany (a must see). This revival continued with the Pantaleone family's doors in southern Italy, and the Dinant workshops that became a main center for bronze casting in the Middle Ages.
